Reflexes Revealed: Decoding the Signals of Infant Neurodevelopment

Primitive reflexes are automatic, involuntary movements that are typically exhibited by newborns and infants in response to certain stimuli. These reflexes are essential for survival and early development. They usually disappear or integrate into more sophisticated voluntary movements as the nervous system matures.

Some of the most common primitive reflexes include:

• Moro reflex: This reflex is triggered by a sudden loss of support or a loud noise. It causes the infant to extend their arms and legs, arch their back, and then bring their arms together as if embracing.
• Rooting reflex: When the corner of a baby’s mouth is stroked or touched, the baby will turn their head and open their mouth in the direction of the stimulus, seeking to nurse or suck.
• Grasping reflex: When an object is placed in an infant’s palm or fingers, they will automatically close their fingers around it with a strong grip.
• Babkin reflex: Gentle pressure applied simultaneously to both palms of a lying infant’s hands causes them to open their mouth, close their eyes, and tilt their head forward.
• Babinski reflex: When the sole is stroked, the big toe extends upward while the other toes fan out. This reflex normally disappears by around 2 years of age.
• Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR): When the head is turned to one side, the arm on that side extends while the opposite arm bends at the elbow.

If a primitive reflex persists beyond the typical age range for integration (usually within the first year of life), it may indicate a delay or dysfunction in the development of the nervous system. This retention can interfere with the development of more advanced motor skills and may also be associated with other developmental issues.

For example:

• Motor Development: Persistent primitive reflexes can interfere with the development of voluntary motor skills, such as crawling, walking, and hand-eye coordination.
• Sensory Integration: These reflexes are closely related to sensory processing, and their persistence can affect how a child responds to sensory stimuli, potentially leading to sensory processing disorders.
• Learning and Behavior: Some studies suggest that retained primitive reflexes may contribute to learning difficulties, attention deficits, and behavioral problems in children.
• Postural Control: Integration of primitive reflexes is essential for the development of mature postural control and balance. Retained reflexes may lead to difficulties in maintaining posture and stability.

Addressing retained primitive reflexes often involves interventions aimed at stimulating the nervous system to integrate these reflexes properly.

At The Wellness Path, within our pediatric evaluation, we look at these reflexes and many others to determine where is your child’s brain age vs their gestational age. Then, our goal is to put together a plan to help close that gap which in return, helps with most of the ailments the child may be facing.

Until next time,
Keep shining that light bright!
Dr. Vic Manzo